The classes at a glance
D1
Small bus
Minimum age
21 years, from 18 during vocational training
What you may drive
Vehicles for a maximum of 16 passengers and up to 8 m in length, with a trailer up to 750 kg
Theory lessons
6 Double lessons basic theory 1
10 Double lessons class-specific theory
Mandatory special drives
4–19 hours rural roads
2–12 hours motorway
2–7 hours night driving 2
Trailer extension D1E
Combination of class D1 and a trailer over 750 kg
No separate lessons – included in the training for the towing vehicle
3 hours rural roads
1 hour motorway
1 hour night driving
D
Large bus
Minimum age
24 years, from 23 with an accelerated basic qualification, from 21 with a basic qualification, from 18 during vocational training
What you may drive
Vehicles for more than 8 passengers, with no length limit, with a trailer up to 750 kg
Theory lessons
6 Double lessons basic theory 1
18 Double lessons class-specific theory
Mandatory special drives
5–22 hours rural roads
4–14 hours motorway
3–8 hours night driving 2
Trailer extension DE
Combination of class D and a trailer over 750 kg
No separate lessons – included in the training for the towing vehicle
3 hours rural roads
1 hour motorway
1 hour night driving
1 The 12 double lessons of basic theory apply when you get your first licence. If you already hold a driving licence, you only need 6 double lessons. A double lesson lasts 90 minutes, a driving lesson 45 minutes.
2 How much training you need depends heavily on which class you already hold and for how long – with class C it is considerably less. For all bus classes you need class B, a medical examination, proof of your eyesight, a psychological aptitude test and a certificate of good conduct. The licence is valid for 5 years.
Details according to the German Driving Licence Regulation (FeV) and the German Driving Instruction Regulation (FahrschAusbO), as of July 2026. All figures are statutory minimum requirements – how many extra practice lessons you need depends on your personal ability.